Chhatrapati Shivaji and the Peshwa Class 8 History Chapter 4 Question Answer – Our Bharat III HBSE Solution

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HBSE Class 8 History Chapter 4 Chhatrapati Shivaji and the Peshwa Question Answer for Haryana Board of Our Bharat III Book Solution.

Chhatrapati Shivaji and the Peshwa Class 8 History Chapter 4 Question Answer

Let’s Recapitulate :

  1. ‘Rise of the Maratha Power’ was written by Mahadev Govind Ranade.

  2. Shivaji was born on February 19, 1630 AD in Shivneri fort in Poona.

  3. The coronation of Shivaji was performed by Pandit Ganga Bhatt on June 6, 1674 AD.

  4. The general of Bijapur, Afzal Khan, on the pretext of hugging Shivaji, decided to strike him with a dagger, but Shivaji killed Afzal Khan with a weapon called Bagh Nakh.

  5. The Treaty of Purandar was signed between the Mughal generals Raja Jai Singh and Shivaji on June 22, 1665 AD.

  6. The third battle of Panipat took place between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali on January 6-14, 1761 AD.

  7. Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao-l snatched Basin Island from the Portuguese in 1739 AD.

  8. The name of Shivaji’s guru was Samarth Guru Ramdas.

Fill in the Blanks :

  1. The book ‘Rise of Maratha Power’ was written by _______.

  2. Foreign historian _____ was present at the time of ‘Pact of Purandar”

  3. The name of Shivaji’s mother was _______.

  4. ______ is called ‘Maratha Magna Carta’.

  5. On the occasion of the coronation, Shivaji assumed the title of _______.

Ans – 1. Mahadev Govind Ranade, 2. Francois Bernier, 3. Jijabai, 4. Maratha-Mughal treaty, 5. Chhatrapati

Match the following correctly :

  1. Coronation of Shivaji
  2. Baji Rao-I
  3. The Third Battle of Panipat
  4. Sumant
  5. Shivaji’s Father
  • Foreign Minister
  • Sadashiv Rao Bhau
  • Shahaji Bhonsle
  • The great Maratha warrior
  • June 6, 1674 AD

Ans –

  1. Coronation of Shivaji
  2. Baji Rao-I
  3. The Third Battle of Panipat
  4. Sumant
  5. Shivaji’s Father
  • June 6, 1674 AD
  • The great Maratha warrior
  • Sadashiv Rao Bhau
  • Foreign Minister
  • Shahaji Bhonsle

Let’s Consider :

Q1. Describe the life of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

Ans – Shivaji was born on 19 February 1630 in the famous Shivneri Fort of Poona. He was named Shiva after the presiding deity of the fort. His father’s name was Shahaji Bhosale, who was a Maratha chieftain and held a prestigious position in the Nizamshahi state of Ahmednagar. His mother’s name was Jijabai. Shivaji’s childhood was spent under the guidance of mother Jijabai. She had a deep impact on Shivaji’s character. Jijabai used to tell Shiva stories of Ramayana, Mahabharata and Indian heroes in his childhood, which had a deep impact on his life. She also imparted education of religion, culture and politics to Shivaji. Dada Kondadev taught horse riding, swordsmanship and shooting. In his childhood, Shivaji used to gather children of his age, become their king, fight and play the game of conquering the fort. He used to get restless after listening to the stories of atrocities of the Mughals. As he grew older, thoughts of breaking the shackles of Mughal rule began to arise in his mind. At the age of nineteen, Shivaji began his conquest campaign. This struggle continued throughout his life and he passed away from this world on 3 April 1680 due to prolonged illness.

Q2. Describe Shivaji Maharaj’s struggle for the establishment of Hindu Swaraj.

Ans – Shivaji started his conquest campaign at the age of nineteen. He organized people of all castes to capture the nearby forts. With the help of the youth, he started the task of conquering the forts. Gradually, he captured all the nearby forts. Adil Shah, the ruler of Bijapur, was very worried about Shivaji’s empire expansion policy. He imprisoned Shivaji’s father, but Shivaji freed his father from imprisonment with great tact and intelligence. After this, he built a very large army and captured a very large area. After establishing his influence in a large area of ​​​​Western Maharashtra, Shivaji was crowned on June 6, 1674 AD with Hindu customs. He assumed the title of ‘Chhatrapati’. Thus he established Hindu Swaraj.

Q3. Describe the struggle and contribution of Peshwa Baji Rao-I.

Ans – After the death of Bajirao Vishwanath, his eldest son Bajirao became Peshwa. Despite being young, Bajirao was sharp-witted and strong-bodied. He was adept in political and administrative work. Baji rao-I is remembered as a fighting Peshwa. He was the biggest proponent of guerrilla warfare after Shivaji. Bajirao I kept the ideal of Hindu Padshahi. Bajirao reorganized the state army. In 1731 AD, the rights of Marathas’ Chauth and Sardeshmukhi became universally accepted in many regions. Bundelkhand was conquered in 1737 AD and marched towards Delhi. Nizam-ul-Mulk advanced from Deccan to help the Mughal emperor but had to face defeat near Bhopal. He formally had to give Malwa and Gujarat to the Marathas. Nizam-ul-Mulk also agreed to give Bajirao 50 lakh rupees as war damage. The Marathas captured the island of Bassein from the Portuguese in 1739 AD. Bajirao died in 1740 AD after strengthening the foundation of Maratha power.

Q4. What were the main features of the administration of the Marathas?

Ans – Following are the main features of the administration of Marathas –

  • In the Maratha administration, the Maharaja himself was the center of the administration. The Maharaja primarily held the title of ‘Chhatrapati’. The coronation of the Chhatrapati was done in a grand ceremony according to the Vedic tradition.
  • For assistance and advice in administration, a council of eight ministers was appointed which was called Ashtapradhan. Its main function was to give advice to the king. Accepting the advice was the decision of Chhatrapati.
  • The Peshwa was the Prime Minister of the king. In the absence of the king, the Peshwa also looked after his work. He used to sign government letters and documents after the seal of the Chhatrapati.
  • The main source of income of the Maratha state was agricultural tax and other prevalent taxes. One-tenth of the farmers’ production was collected as Sardeshmukhi tax. The second important source of income was a tax called Chauth. This was collected from the neighbouring state as 1/4th of its income.
  • The Marathas had a very powerful army, whose salary was paid directly from the royal treasury. Infantry horsemen were prominent in the army. Horsemen were divided into major categories like Bargir, Siledar, Paga etc. The army was regular and well equipped with weapons. The entire army came under an officer called ‘Sar-e-Naubat’.

Q5. What was the land revenue system of the Marathas?

Ans – The main source of income of the Maratha state was agricultural tax and other prevalent taxes. One-tenth of the farmers’ production was collected as Sardeshmukhi tax. The second important source of income was a tax called Chauth. This was collected from the neighbouring state as 1/4th of its income. Apart from this, house tax, irrigated land tax, customs duty etc. were the main sources of income of the state.

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