Clarify any two differences between 'Unity of Command' and 'Unity of Direction'.
Answer –
Basis | Unity of command | Unity of direction |
Meaning | One employee receives orders from one superior. | Activities sharing an objective have one head and one plan. |
Focus | Individual reporting relationship. | Coordination of an entire group of activities. |
Purpose | Avoid contradictory orders and uncertain responsibility. | Avoid duplication and ensure common direction. |
Example | A sales assistant reports to one sales supervisor. | All activities of a product division follow its common plan. |
Both principles support orderly work but address different problems. Scalar chain is the formal authority line from top to bottom. Normally communication follows it. In urgent situations a gang plank allows direct contact between suitable same-level officers, with superiors informed, to prevent harmful delay.