Define Training. Explain any six 'Off-the-Job Training' methods.

Answer – Off-the-job training takes place away from the immediate work position, allowing concentrated learning without normal production pressure.

• Classroom lectures and conferences: present principles and discuss problems through instruction and interaction.
• Films: demonstrate processes or situations that may be difficult to reproduce repeatedly.
• Case studies: analyse realistic business problems and compare possible decisions.
• Computer modelling: simulate work situations so trainees can practise decisions and observe consequences.
• Vestibule training: use equipment similar to that in the workplace in a separate training area.
• Programmed instruction: present information in logical steps, require responses and provide feedback before progression.

The choice depends on the skill, learner, cost and risk. Practical follow-up is necessary to transfer learning to the job.