Explain any two networks of grapevine communication.

Answer – Formal communication follows official authority relationships. It can be downward, upward, horizontal or diagonal.

Formal networks: a single chain links superior and subordinate; a wheel routes communication through one central person; a circular network links each person with adjacent members; free flow allows everyone to communicate with everyone; an inverted-V links a subordinate to the immediate superior and, within limits, the superior's superior.

Informal communication, or grapevine, follows personal relationships. A single-strand chain passes information from person to person; gossip sends it from one person to many; probability involves random contacts; a cluster network passes information to selected people, who pass it to selected others.

Grapevine is quick and reveals social concerns, but information may be incomplete or inaccurate.