Explain any two principles of direction.
Answer – Directing instructs, guides, counsels, motivates and leads people to achieve organisational objectives. It initiates action, operates at every management level, continues throughout organisational life and flows from higher to lower levels through the authority structure.
- Maximum individual contribution: help each employee use abilities fully towards organisational goals.
- Harmony of objectives: connect personal aspirations with organisational objectives.
- Unity of command: instructions should come from one superior to avoid confusion.
- Appropriate technique: choose motivation and leadership methods suited to people's needs and the situation.
- Managerial communication: make instructions clear and confirm understanding through feedback.
- Use of informal organisation: recognise informal relationships and use them constructively.
- Leadership: act as an example, build confidence and influence willingness to cooperate.
- Follow-through: check whether instructions are understood and carried out and take corrective steps.
Direction is therefore more than issuing an order; it includes guidance, influence and review.