Explain any two principles of Scientific Management.
Answer – Scientific management replaces customary trial-and-error methods with systematic study to discover efficient ways of working. F. W. Taylor, an American mechanical engineer, emphasised the following principles.
- Science, not rule of thumb: study each task scientifically to identify the best method instead of relying only on habit or individual judgement.
- Harmony, not discord: managers and workers should recognise their common interest in organisational prosperity. Mental revolution means a complete change in their attitudes towards one another, favouring cooperation and sharing gains.
- Cooperation, not individualism: workers should participate in useful suggestions; management should consult them, and both should avoid unnecessary conflict or deliberate restriction of output.
- Development of every person to greatest efficiency and prosperity: select workers scientifically, match jobs with abilities and provide training so that both workers and the organisation benefit.
The purpose is higher productivity with fairer opportunities, not merely faster work without concern for people.
F. W. Taylor lived from 1856 to 1915. His book The Principles of Scientific Management was published in 1911.