Explain in brief the process of delegation.

Answer – Delegation is the transfer of authority from a superior to a subordinate to perform assigned tasks. It enables a manager to extend personal capacity while retaining ultimate accountability.

Three elements

• Authority: the right to make decisions, use resources and issue orders within assigned limits. It flows downward.
• Responsibility: the obligation to perform the assigned duty properly. It arises when work is accepted.
• Accountability: answerability for the final outcome. It flows upward and cannot be delegated away by the superior.

The practical sequence is to assign duties, grant adequate authority and establish accountability. Authority should be sufficient for the responsibility assigned. Delegating a task does not absolve the superior of ultimate responsibility.

Importance: reduces routine workload and improves managerial effectiveness; develops employee capabilities; motivates employees through trust; prepares future managers and facilitates growth; clarifies the management hierarchy; supports coordination by defining relationships.

There are three elements in this classification. A question asking for four does not justify inventing a fourth element.