Class 10 History BSEH Solution for Chapter 3 Major Philosophies of the World Important Question Answer for Haryana board. CCL Chapter Provide Class 1th to 12th all Subjects Solution With Notes, Question Answer, Summary and Important Questions. Class 10 History mcq, summary, Important Question Answer, Textual Question Answer are available of Bharat and the World Book for HBSE.
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HBSE Class 10 History Chapter 3 Major Philosophies of the World Important Question Answer for Haryana Board of Bharat and the World Book Solution.
Major Philosophies of the World Class 10 History Chapter 3 Important Question Answer
Question 1. Write the names of four Purusharthas in Vedic philosophy which improve human life.
Answer – Following are the four Purusharthas of Vedic Philosophy:-
- Dharma
- Artha
- Kama
- Moksh
Question 2. Name four important sources of Vedic philosophy.
Answer – Following are the four important sources of Vedic philosophy-
- The Vedas
- Brahmanical texts
- Aranyaks
- Upanishads
Question 3. Write the names of five Mahavratas of Jain philosophy. ( HBSE 2022 )
Answer – The following are the five Mahavratas of Jain philosophy –
- Ahimsa (Non-violence)
- Amrisha (Truth)
- Asteya (Non-stealing)
- Aprigraha (Non-attachment)
- Brahmacharya (Celibacy)
Question 4. Name four important events in the life of Gautam Buddha.
Answer – Following are the four important events in the life of Gautam Buddha-
- Renunciation
- Speech
- Turning the Wheel of Dharma
- Complete Nirvana
Question 5. When and where was the great Chinese social reformer Confucius born?
Answer – Confucius, the great social reformer of China, was born in Shandong region of China in about 550BC.
Question 6. What is the ultimate goal of all philosophies?
Answer – The ultimate goal of all the philosophies of the world is to make human life spiritual and superior. All the philosophies stress the need for virtues to build man’s character.
Question 7. ‘Gayatri Mahamantra’ is related to which Veda?
Answer – Rigveda.
Question 8. Name any four philosophies of the world and
Answer – The following are the names of the four philosophies of the world.
- Vedic philosophy
- Jainism
- Buddhist
- Judaism
Question 9. Describing the four noble truths of Gautam Buddh.
Answer – Following are the descriptions of the four noble truths of Gautam Buddha-
- Suffering: Birth-death, union-separation, profit and loss are all sorrows in the world.
- Cause of suffering: The cause of all kinds of sorrows is Trishna or desire.
- Cessation of suffering: Suffering can be removed by the cessation of craving or by the control of desires.
- Ways to remove suffering: There is a path of victory over sorrows and that is called Ashtamarg.
Question 10. Describing the eightfold path shown by Gautam Buddh.
Answer – Gautam Buddh said that craving should be eradicated to attain nirvana or salvation, and to this end, a man should follow the eight-fold path. The following are the eight-fold paths:
➤ Right Understanding: Belief in the four noble truths arises by distinguishing between truth and untruth, sin and virtue etc.
➤ Right Thought: Taking a resolution to stay away from craving for mental and moral development.
➤ Right Speech: Always speaking truthfully and sweetly.
➤ Right Action: Always doing true and good deeds.
➤ Right Livelihood: Adopting appropriate methods for one’s livelihood.
➤ Right Effort: To try to make oneself good and to work diligently to put the body in good condition.
➤ Right Mindfulness: Always remembering your mistakes and trying to act with prudence and caution.
➤ Right Concentration: Meditation to concentrate the mind.
Question 11. Briefly explain the Vedic literature.
or
What is Veda? How many types are these? Describe in detail.
Answer – The Vedas are the oldest, authentic, sacred and philosophical literature in the world. The basic foundation of Vedic philosophy is the Vedas. According to Indian belief, Vedas are eternal and they are the voice of God. There are four Vedas:
➤ Rigved: This is the oldest Vedic text. It contains mantras to invoke the gods, Gayatri mantra is one of the mantras of this Ved. It has 10 mandals and 10552 mantras. In its first mandal, it is said that Truth (God) is one. Scholars call Him by many names. This is the oldest Ved.
➤ Yajurved: In this Ved, Karma is the main. It has 40 chapters and a total of 1975 mantras, mostly the mantras of Yagya. It is divided into two parts: Shukla Yajurved and Krishn Yajurved.
➤ Samaved: This Ved is the origin of Indian music. It contains mantras in musical form. It contains 1875 mantras for worshipping the deities. Most of the hymns in Samaved are taken from Rigved.
➤ Atharvaved: This Ved is a compilation of solutions to the problems related to the common man and the rules of life and society. This Ved preaches the knowledge of Brahman and also explains the way of salvation. It contains knowledge related to mathematics, science, ayurved, sociology, agriculture, medical science and diseases. It contains 5987 mantras.
Question 12. What was the name of the book of Taoism of China? ( HBSE 2022 )
Answer: Tao-te-ching
Question 13. What is meant by the word ‘jin’? ( HBSE 2022 )
Ans- The word Jin is derived from the root ‘Ji’ which means ‘to conquer’, hence, ‘Jin’ means conqueror of the senses.
Question 14. Briefly write the important teachings of Jainism. ( HBSE 2022 )
Answer – Teachings of Jainism –
- Non-violence – Not having a feeling of violence towards anyone by mind, deed, word is real non-violence.
- Amrisha – Everyone should speak the truth in every situation.
- Asteya – One should not take or desire anything from another person without permission.
- Aparigraha – One should not collect more things than is necessary.
- Brahmacharya – Obtaining knowledge and power by staying away from attachment and lust and not using anything excessively and keeping control over the senses is celibacy.
Question 15. What were the reasons for the rise of Buddhism? Throw light on the main teachings of this religion. ( HBSE 2022 )
Answer – 6th century BC Gautam Buddha was born, he raised his voice against orthodoxy and social complexity and founded the Buddhist philosophy.
Main Teachings of Buddhism –
➤ Right Understanding: Belief in the four noble truths arises by distinguishing between truth and untruth, sin and virtue etc.
➤ Right Thought: Taking a resolution to stay away from craving for mental and moral development.
➤ Right Speech: Always speaking truthfully and sweetly.
➤ Right Action: Always doing true and good deeds.
➤ Right Livelihood: Adopting appropriate methods for one’s livelihood.
➤ Right Effort: To try to make oneself good and to work diligently to put the body in good condition.
➤ Right Mindfulness: Always remembering your mistakes and trying to act with prudence and caution.
➤ Right Concentration: Meditation to concentrate the mind.
Question 16. How many characteristics of religion are explained in Scriptures? ( HBSE 2022 )
Answer – 10 Characteristics
Question 17. At what age did Confucius get a government job? ( HBSE 2022 )
Answer – 17 years
Question 18. How was Jainism originated? What are the similarities between Jainism and Buddhism. ( HBSE 2023 )
Answer – Jainism was originated by Rishabhdev, the first Tirthankar of Jainism.
Similarities between Jainism and Buddhism :
- Both philosophies opposed the Vedic rituals of the Vedas.
- Both philosophies laid emphasis on non-violence and virtue.
- Karma, reincarnation and salvation were included in both religions.
- Both philosophies believes abandoning soft bed.
Question 19. Explain the difference between Jainism and Buddhism. ( HBSE 2023 )
Answer –
- Jainism teaches that the universe is eternal and that the soul is immortal. Buddhism teaches that there is no soul and that the universe is not eternal.
- Jains believe in karma, the law of cause and effect. Buddhists do not believe in karma.
- Jainism is a religion of peace and non-violence. Buddhism is also a religion of peace, but some Buddhists in Sri Lanka and Myanmar have been known to engage in violence.
- Jains are strict vegetarians and believe in fasting. Buddhists are not required to be vegetarians, but many are.
Q20. The Childhood name of Mahatama Buddha was……….. ( HBSE 2023 )
Ans. Siddharth
Q21. The ultimate goal of all philosophies is to make human life ……….. ( HBSE 2023 )
Ans. Spiritual and Superior