Class 10 History BSEH Solution for Chapter 3 Major Philosophies of the World Question Answer for Haryana board. CCL Chapter Provide Class 1th to 12th all Subjects Solution With Notes, Question Answer, Summary and Important Questions. Class 10 History mcq, summary, Important Question Answer, Textual Question Answer are available of Bharat and the World Book for HBSE.
Also Read – HBSE Class 10 History Bharat and the World Solution
Also Read – HBSE Class 10 History Bharat and the World Solution in Videos
HBSE Class 10 History Chapter 3 Major Philosophies of the World Question Answer for Haryana Board of Bharat and the World Book Solution.
Major Philosophies of the World Class 10 History Chapter 3 Question Answer
Let’s Learn Again:-
Question 1. Write the names of four Purusharthas in Vedic philosophy which improve human life.
Answer – Following are the four Purusharthas of Vedic Philosophy:-
- Dharma
- Artha
- Kama
- Moksh
Question 2. Name four important sources of Vedic philosophy.
Answer – Following are the four important sources of Vedic philosophy-
- The Vedas
- Brahmanical texts
- Aranyaks
- Upanishads
Question 3. Write the names of five Mahavratas of Jain philosophy.
Answer – The following are the five Mahavratas of Jain philosophy –
- Ahimsa (Non-violence)
- Amrisha (Truth)
- Asteya (Non-stealing)
- Aprigraha (Non-attachment)
- Brahmacharya (Celibacy)
Question 4. Name four important events in the life of Gautam Buddha.
Answer – Following are the four important events in the life of Gautam Buddha-
- Renunciation
- Speech
- Turning the Wheel of Dharma
- Complete Nirvana
Question 5. Mention the founders of Zoroastrian philosophy and Judaism.
Answer – The founder of Zoroastrian philosophy is the Iranian ruler of the Aryans, Prophet Zarathustra. The origin of Jewish philosophy is believed to have been propounded by the Prophet Abraham. After Abraham, Moses is the biggest name in Jewish history. Moses is considered the founder of Judaism.
Question 6. When and where was the great Chinese social reformer Confucius born?
Answer – Confucius, the great social reformer of China, was born in Shandong region of China in about 550BC.
Question 7. What is the ultimate goal of all philosophies?
Answer – The ultimate goal of all the philosophies of the world is to make human life spiritual and superior. All the philosophies stress the need for virtues to build man’s character.
Question 8. ‘Gayatri Mahamantra’ is related to which Veda?
Answer – Rigveda.
Let’s consider:-
Question 1. Name the four philosophies of the world and describe the characteristics of Vedic philosophy.
Answer – The following are the names of the four philosophies of the world.
- Vedic philosophy
- Jainism
- Buddhist
- Judaism
The main characteristics of Vedic philosophy are as follows:
- based on morality and truth
- supreme nature
- concept of polytheism and monotheism
- concept of Reet (Nyaya)
- concept of four Purusharthas
- the importance of yagya and rituals
- indifference to material life
- recognition of the theory of previous life according to karma
- the ultimate goal of salvation
- belief in the immortality of the soul
- Recognition of the principle of Triguna (Satva, Raja, Tama)
- concept of Rinn (indebtedness to God, indebtedness to guru, indebtedness to father)
- Inspiration of universal brotherhood
- helpful in attainment of tolerance and patience
- development of social skills and
- inspiration to lead a simple and pious life
Question 2. How was Jainism originated? What are the similarities between Jainism and Buddhism.
Answer – Jainism was originated by Rishabhdev, the first Tirthankar of Jainism.
Similarities between Jainism and Buddhism :
- Both philosophies opposed the Vedic rituals of the Vedas.
- Both philosophies laid emphasis on non-violence and virtue.
- Karma, reincarnation and salvation were included in both religions.
- Both philosophies believes abandoning soft bed.
Question 3. Describing the four noble truths of Gautam Buddha, describe the eightfold path shown by him.
Answer – Following are the descriptions of the four noble truths of Gautam Buddha-
- Suffering: Birth-death, union-separation, profit and loss are all sorrows in the world.
- Cause of suffering: The cause of all kinds of sorrows is Trishna or desire.
- Cessation of suffering: Suffering can be removed by the cessation of craving or by the control of desires.
- Ways to remove suffering: There is a path of victory over sorrows and that is called Ashtamarg.
Eightfold Path – Gautam Buddh said that craving should be eradicated to attain nirvana or salvation, and to this end, a man should follow the eight-fold path. The following are the eight-fold paths:
➤ Right Understanding: Belief in the four noble truths arises by distinguishing between truth and untruth, sin and virtue etc.
➤ Right Thought: Taking a resolution to stay away from craving for mental and moral development.
➤ Right Speech: Always speaking truthfully and sweetly.
➤ Right Action: Always doing true and good deeds.
➤ Right Livelihood: Adopting appropriate methods for one’s livelihood.
➤ Right Effort: To try to make oneself good and to work diligently to put the body in good condition.
➤ Right Mindfulness: Always remembering your mistakes and trying to act with prudence and caution.
➤ Right Concentration: Meditation to concentrate the mind.
Question 4. Mention the teachings of Zoroastrianism and Judaism.
Answer –
Teachings of Zoroastrianism –
According to Zoroastrianism the body is perishable and the soul is immortal. By following truth and falsehood according to one’s karma, one attains heaven and hell. According to Zoroastrianism, there are both divine and demonic powers in the world. The symbols of divine powers are ‘Ahura Mazda’, but the existence of other gods and goddesses is not denied even after having faith in Ahura Mazda. The symbol of demonic powers is ‘Ahriman’. Ahriman makes man a devil and leads him to hell. In the rituals and rituals of their daily life, fire is the main deity of the gods, hence the Parsis are also called worshipers of fire.
Teachings of Judaism –
- Am the Lord, your God, the one to free you from slavery.
- You will not believe in any other god except me.
- You will not take the name of your master and your lord in vain..
- For six days you will work and on the seventh day you will rest, it is the day of the Lord.
- Respect your parents and give them respect.
- You will not kill.
- You will not steal.
- You will not give false testimony against your neighbour.
- Thou shall not keep an evil eye on your neighbour’s house, neighbour’s wife, servant, maidservant and his property.
Question 5. Briefly explain the Vedic literature.
Answer – The Vedas are the oldest, authentic, sacred and philosophical literature in the world. The basic foundation of Vedic philosophy is the Vedas. According to Indian belief, Vedas are eternal and they are the voice of God. There are four Vedas:
➤ Rigved: This is the oldest Vedic text. It contains mantras to invoke the gods, Gayatri mantra is one of the mantras of this Ved. It has 10 mandals and 10552 mantras. In its first mandal, it is said that Truth (God) is one. Scholars call Him by many names. This is the oldest Ved.
➤ Yajurved: In this Ved, Karma is the main. It has 40 chapters and a total of 1975 mantras, mostly the mantras of Yagya. It is divided into two parts: Shukla Yajurved and Krishn Yajurved.
➤ Samaved: This Ved is the origin of Indian music. It contains mantras in musical form. It contains 1875 mantras for worshipping the deities. Most of the hymns in Samaved are taken from Rigved.
➤ Atharvaved: This Ved is a compilation of solutions to the problems related to the common man and the rules of life and society. This Ved preaches the knowledge of Brahman and also explains the way of salvation. It contains knowledge related to mathematics, science, ayurved, sociology, agriculture, medical science and diseases. It contains 5987 mantras.
Come try it out :-
Question 1. Write the name of the countries of the world where the followers of Zoroastrian and Jewish philosophy reside.
Answer – India, Iran, America, Pakistan, Hong Kong, Singapore
Question 2. Mark the main centers of different philosophies on the map of the world.
Answer –
Question 3. Write your experiences after discussing with people of different sects, creed living in your neighbourhood.
Answer: Students try themselves with the help of their teacher.