State any three features of Co-ordination.

Answer – Coordination integrates individual and group efforts to provide unity of action in pursuit of common objectives. Cooperation is willingness to work together; coordination deliberately connects those efforts in the right sequence, quantity and time.

Features: it integrates group efforts, ensures unity of action, is continuous, is required throughout the organisation, is every manager's responsibility and is a deliberate effort.

Why it is needed: organisational growth creates more people and interests; functional differentiation gives departments different priorities; specialisation can make experts focus on their own fields. Coordination reconciles these differences.

It begins with planning and continues through organising, staffing, directing and controlling. For example, sales promises must match production capacity, finance availability and delivery arrangements. It is consequently the essence of management rather than an isolated additional function.

Contemporary managers also need communication, cultural sensitivity, ethical judgement and the ability to manage change. Technical expertise must be combined with the ability to work with people.

Objective Type Questions