Class 12 Geography Important Question Answer solution with pdf. Here We Provides Class 1 to 12 all Subjects NCERT Solution with Notes, Question Answer, CBSE and HBSE Important Questions, MCQ and old Question Papers for Students.
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HBSE ( Haryana Board ) Solution of Class 12 geography important Question And Answer solution for 2024 exams.
HBSE Class 12 Geography Important Questions 2024
Book – Fundamentals of Human Geography
Chapter 1 – Human Geography Nature and Scope
Q1. What were the approaches used in Human Geography in 1930-1950 period ?
Q2. Write four branches of Human Geography.
Q3. How the human Geography is connected to other social sciences?
Q4. Describe the scope of Human Geography.
Q5. Give the names of sub-areas of Human Geography.
Q6. Define Human Geography.
Q7. Discuss briefly Possibilism.
Q8. Discuss briefly Determinism.
Q9. Describe briefly the “Neo Determinism’.
Q10. Explain Naturalization of Humans. Most Important
Q11. What is Physical Geography?
Q12. Define Economic Geography.
Ans – The aspect or branch of geography which deals with the influences of the environment, both physical and cultural, on the economic activity of man, bringing out similarities and differences from place to place in the ways people make a living.
Q13. What does word Idiographic mean?
Ans – Idiographic means descriptive.
Chapter 2 – The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth
Q1. Discuss the factors affecting distribution of population. Most Important
Q2. Describe the tendencies of population growth in the World.
Q3. Analyse the doubling period of the world population.
Q4. Illustrate the components of population change.
Q5. What is Crude Birth Rate?
Ans – The crude birth rate (CBR) is expressed as number of live births in a year per thousand of population.
Q6. How will you calculate the crude death rate?
Q7. Name any two push factors that are responsible for making people move from their original place of living.
Q8. What are the push and pull factors affecting migration?
Q9. Explain with example any three geographical factors which influence the distribution of population in the World. Most Important
Q10. What do you mean by Population Geography?
Q11. Distinguish between Birth-rate and Death-rate.
Q12. What is Migration? Describe the causes of Migration. Most Important
Q13. What are the Socio-demographic consequences of Migration ?
Q14. What are the demographic consequences of migration ?
Q15. What are the socio-consequences of migration?
Q16. What are the Economic Consequences of Migration ?
Q17. Explain the terms Fertility and Mortality
Q18. Which is the largest populated town of the World ?
Q19. Name the river valleys which were densely populated in the early ages.
Q20. Write two main factors of Migration ?
Q21. From which country maximum migration has taken place?
Q22. Mention densely and rarely populated regions of the world.
Q23. Which Continent has the highest growth rate of population in the World? Most Important
Q24. Which countries of Asia has a lower sex-ratio?
Q25. Which in the largest populated town of the world?
Q26. How much population of World lives in Urban Area? (Year, 2001).
Q27. What was the total population of the World at the time of Industrial Revolution ?
Q28. Define Density of Population.
Q29. Why the density of population in the world is uneven ? Explain.
Q30. Name three major areas of high population density in the world.
Q31. What was the world-population at the beginning of 21th Century ?
Q32. What is growth rate of population?
Q33. State a problem caused by high growth of population.
Q34. Name one mineral belt in Africa which has dense population.
Q35. Write an essay on Population, Environment and Development.
Chapter 3 – Human Development
Q1. Explain the various stages of demographic transition.
OR
Describe three stages of Demographic Transition Theory? Most Important
Q2. Write a short note on Demographic Transition. Most Important
Q3. How are countries classified on the basis of Human Development Index?
Q4. What are the indicators for calculating Human Development Index ?
Q5. Which country is at the highest step of Human Development Index ?
Q6. When was Human Development Index created ? Most Important
Q7. Describe the indicators of social empowerment of Human Development.
Q8. Describe the different approaches to Human Development. Most Important
Q9. Describe the four pillars of Human Development.
Q10. What do you understand by equality and sustainability refer to the concept of human development?
Q11. Explain the social indicators of Human Development in India.
Q12. What do equity and sustainability refer to within the concept of human development?
Q13. Write a note about the major approaches to achieve Human Development.
Q14. What do sustainability refer to within the concept of human development?
Q15. Give two reasons for low levels of Human Development in most of the Northern States of India. Most Important
Q16. Which Country introduced Gross National Happiness?
Ans – Bhutan
Q17. Define Human Development.
Q18. Name the organization for bringing out World Human Development Report.
Q19. Who gave the concept of Human Development?
Q20. Which state has the highest Human Development Index in India.
Q21. What do you means by ‘equality refer to the concept of Human Development?
Q22. Name the two South-east Asia economists who first put forward the Idea of Human Development.
Q23. Describe the four Pillars of Human Development with examples ? Most Important
Q24. Explain the key areas of human development.
Q25. When did United Nations published its first Human Development Report ?
Q26. Differentiate between Growth and Development.
Chapter 4 – Primary Activities
Q1. What are Primary Activities?
Q2. Name any two primary activities.
Q3. What do you understand by nomadic herding?
Q4. Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.
Q5. What is Intensive Subsistence Farming ? Describe its two main types.
Q6. Discuss the main features of Intensive Subsistence Agriculture. Name any Intensive Subsistence crop and show its distribution in different countries.
Q7. Discuss the main features of Plantation Agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.
Q8. Describe briefly the mixed farming.
Q9. Describe the factors affecting mining activities.
Q10. In which sector of service the major part of Indian labour is involved?
Q11. What is Transhumance?
Q12. What is Dry Farming? Most Important
Ans – A method of farming adopted in certain regions of inadequate rainfall and devoid of irrigation facilities by conserving moisture in the soil and by raising drought-enduring crops.
Q13. By which name shifting agriculture in North-east India is known?
Ans – Jhuming
Q14. Which animals are reared in Sahara Region?
Ans – Sheep, goats and camel are reared in Sahara Region.
Q15. Name two activities of the earliest man.
Q16. What is Co-operative farming?
Q17. Write the name of the country where every farmer is member of co-operative society generally.
Chapter 5 – Secondary Activities
Q1. Explain the Hugli Industrial region of India.
Q2. Describe any three characteristics of Hugli Industrial Region.
Q3. Discuss briefly secondary activities.
Q4. What do you understand by manufacturing?
Q5. Where is the Silicon Valley located?
Ans – Near San Francisco
Q6. Explain the ‘Gujarat Industrial Region’.
Q7. Explain the Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region. Most Important
Q8. Discuss the main industries of Chhota Nagpur industrial region.
Q9. Which industrial region of Japan is densely populated? Most Important
Q10. Which industry is called the basic industry?
Q11. Name five major industrial clusters of India. Analyses any three locational factors which helped in the development of Hooghly industrial region.
Q12. What are metropolitan cities? How are they different from Urbant Agglomeration.
Q13. In which country Ruhar Industrial Region is located ?
Q14. Describe the Cotton Textile Industry in India.
Q15. Describe the factors of localization of cotton textile industries in India.
Q16. What are public sector Industries?
Q17. Describe the distribution and production of cotton textile industry in India. Most Important
Q18. Classify industries on the basis of raw material.
Q19. Explain the concept of High Technology Industries.
Q20. Describe the distribution and production of Sugar Industry in India.
Q21. Explain the three main characteristics of new industrial policy of India.
Q22. Describe the Iron and Steel Industry of India. Most Important
Q23. Explain the factors affecting location of Industries in India. Most Important
Chapter 6 – Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Q1. To which sector do tertiary activities are related ?
Q2. What are Tertiary Activities?
Q3. Discuss the importance of Quaternary Activities.
Q4. Explain various type of Quaternary Activities. Most Important
Q5. Describe the Quaternary Services.
Q6. Write about the types of Transport? Describe any one in detail.
Q7. Name the fast emerging countries of medical tourism in the World.
Q8. What is Tourism ?
Q9. Explain in detail the significance of Transport and Communication Services.
Q10. Name two types of Trade.
Q11. In which areas Hill Area Development Programmes was initiated ?
Q12. To which category of activities does trade belong?
Chapter 7 – Transport and Communication
Q1. Describe the Suez Canal Route in detail.
Q2. When was Suez Canal constructed? Most Important
Q3. What are the Terminal ports of Suez Canal?
Q4. Write the name of the two terminal ports of Suez Canal.
Q5. Write a short note on Suez Canal. Most Important
Q6. Write a short note on Panama Canal.
Q7. Describe the ‘Panama Canal Route’ in detail.
Q8. Explain any two intercontinental railway routes of the world. Most Important
Q9. What is a Transcontinental Railway?
Q10. What is Inter-continental Railway Route ?
Q11. Distinguish between Trans-Siberian Railway and Trans-Canadian Railway.
Q12. Which two towns are connected by Trans-Siberian Railway?
Q13. Write the name of the Headquarter of the North Eastern Railway Zone.
Q14. Write the name of the Eastern Terminal of Trans-Siberian Railway’.
Q15. Describe distribution of Railway in the world.
Q16. What is the Golden Quadrilateral ?
Q17. Write the name of the two terminal stations of East-West Corridor.
Q18. Mention the important National Highways of the Country.
Q19. Which is the longest National Highway in India?
Q20. Which two towns are connected by Transcanadian Highway?
Q21. What are the advantages of water transport ?
Q22. “Waterways are an important mode of transport for both Passenger and Cargo traffic.” Explain it.
Q23. Write the names of two National Waterways of India.
Q24. On which river and between which two places does the National Waterway No.- 1 lie?
Q25. Name the principal modes of World Transportation.
Q26. Explain the merits and demerits of Road Transport in the World. Most Important
Q27. Give the classification of Indian Roads according to their importance.
Q28. Describe the different types of roads in India.
Q29. Name any four major Oceanic routes of the world. Explain any one in detail.
Q30. Describe the inland water ways and oceanic routes of India.
Q31. Which places are connected by ‘Orient Express Rail Route’?
Ans – This railway line connects Paris to Istanbul passing through Strasbourg, Munich, Vienna, Budapest and Belgrade.
Q32. What is a transport network?
Ans – Several places (nodes) joined together by a series of routes (links) to form a pattern is called transport network.
Q33. What is Big Inch?
Q34. Describe the Atlantic Ocean Routes.
Q35. Which four Mega-cities are connected by ‘Golden Quadrilateral’ ?
Ans – Delhi-Chennai-Mumbai-Kolkata.
Chapter 8 – International Trade
Q1. Discuss the history of International trade.
Q2. What are the basis of International Trade? Explain with examples.
Q3. What are the benefits of International Trade?
Q4. What are the basic functions of the World Trade Organisation ?
Q5. What is Globalization?
Q6. What is negative balance of trade?
Q7. What is positive balance of Trade?
Q8. Distinguish between Bilateral Trade and Multilateral Trade?
Q9. What is barter system?
Q10. Classify Ports on the basis of Commodities Handled at Ports.
Q11. Name the regional trade group of which India is a member?
Book : India People And Economy Important Questions 2024
Chapter 1 – Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Q1. Analyse state wise population density of India. Most Important
Q2. Discuss the different stages of population growth in India. Most Important
Q3. Give an account of the occupational structure of India’s population.
Q4. Describe the urban population in India.
Q5. Discuss the religious composition of Indian Population. Most Important
Q6. Discuss the reasons of uneven distribution of population in India.
Q7. Write a short Essay on the spatial pattern of density of population in India.
Q8. Which state in India has the highest density of population?
Q9. Give an account of the occupational structure of India.
Q10. Discuss the factors for imbalance in sex age found in different parts of the world and occupational structure. Most Important
Q11. Explain in detail the occupational structure of population.
Q12. Which States have large rural population in India? Give one reason for such large rural population. Most Important
Q13. What do you understand by Composition of population ?
Q14. Discuss briefly the geographical distribution of different language families in India.
Q15. The Agriculture Sector has the largest share of Indian labours. Explain.
Q16. When was the first complete census held in India?
Ans – 1881
Q17. Which state has the highest number of Buddhists ?
Ans – Maharashtra
Q18. Which language is spoken by most of people in India ?
Ans – Hindi
Q19. Which state has the highest sex ratio in India?
Ans – Kerala
Q20. Define the limits of young, adult and old age groups.
Q21. Which state (Excluding Union Territories) had the lowest Sex Ratio in 2011 in India as per the Census 2011 ?
Q22. Which is the largest populated town of the Bharat as per the Cenus of 2011 ?
Q23. Name the largest linguistic group of India.
Q24. Who calculates the expansion of poverty in India ?
Q25. Give two reasons for declining child sex ratio in India.
Q26. What do you understand by population composition? Most Important
Q27. What do you mean by Population Growth ?
Q28. What factors are responsible for a high rate of population growth in India?
Q29. The year known as ‘Demographic Divider’ in the history of population growth in India.
Q30. Discuss the composition of working population in India.
Q31. Which age group is known as working population ?
Q32. What is the age group of the working population in the World ?
Q33. Define Population Explosion.
Q34. What is the average density of population in India as per 2001 Census ?
Q35. Why the density of population in India is increasing in every successive census ?
Q36. What proportion of Indian population living in the villages ?
Q37. Name four most populous States of the Country.
Q38. What is the population size of the Class 1st cities in India ?
Q39. Name the longest tract of high density population in India.
Chapter 2 – Human Settlements
Q1. Discuss the features of different types of rural settlements.
Q2. Write about patterns of Rural settlements with help of Diagrams?
Q3. What factors influence the pattern of rural settlements ?
Q4. Write Problems of Rural Settlements.
Q5. What are Rural and Urban Settlements ? Write their characteristics.
Q6. Write four main types of rural settlements in India.
Q7. Describe the various types of rural settlement patterns.
Q8. Distinguish between compact settlements and dispersed settlements.
Q9. Describe any three problems of urban settlements.
Q10. Explain the environmental problems of urban settlements.
Q11. Which town was the first Urban settlement to reach a population of one million ? Most Important
Q12. Differentiate between Clustered and Dispersed settlements.
Q13. What are compact settlements ?
Q14. What are Clustered Settlements ?
Q15. What are Hamleted Settlements?
Q16. Name two main types of settlements.
Q17. Define Dispersed or Scattered Settlement.
Q18. Distinguish between ‘compact’ and ‘dispersed’ (Scattered) settlements.
Q19. Discuss the problems associated with the urban settlements in developing countries. Most Important
Q20. What are metropolitan cities?
Q21. What are Garrison towns? What is their function? Most Important
Q22. What are the main factors for the location of villages in deserts ?
Q23. What is an administrative town ? Give examples.
Ans – Towns supporting administrative headquarters of higher order are administrative towns, such as Chandigarh, New Delhi, Bhopal, Shillong, Guwahati, Imphal, Srinagar, Gandhinagar, Jaipur, Chennai, etc.
Q24. Write a short note on Trends of Urbanisation in India form 1901 to 2011.
Q25. Explain any five economic consequences associated with migration in India.
Q26. Classify towns on the basis of the functions. Illustrate with examples.
Q27. Which is the most urbanized state of India ?
Q28. Write a short note on type of Cities on the basis of their functions.
Chapter 3 – Land Resources and Agriculture
Q1. Describe the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of Rice. Mention its production and distribution in India.
Q2. Discuss briefly the rice cultivation in India.
Q3. Give a brief account of favourable geographical conditions for the growth of Rice cultivation. Describe its production and distribution in India. Most Important
Q4. Give a brief account of favourable geographical conditions for the growth of Cotton cultivation. Describe the production and distribution of Cotton in India.
Q5. Describe the problems of Indian Agriculture. Most Important
Q6. Mention the importance of Growth of agriculture output and technology.
Q7. Describe the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of Tea. Mention its production and distribution in India. Most Important
Q8. Write the name of two producing areas of Tea in West Bengal.
Q9. Which state is the largest producer of Coffee in India?
Ans – Karnataka
Q10. Name the three crop seasons of India.
Ans – Kharif, rabi and zaid.
Q11. What is the main reason of salinisation of Soil?
Q12. Which food crop is also known as ‘Aus, Aman and Boro’ ?
Ans – Rice in west bengal is also known as Aus, Aman and Boro.
Q13. Define current fallow land. Most Important
Chapter 4 – Water Resources
Q1. What is Watershed Management? Do you think it can play an important role in sustainable development?
Q2. What is Watershed management? Most Important
Q3. Explain briefly the Rain water harvesting.
Q4. Write two aims of National Water Policy.
Ans – (i) Providing drinking water to all human beings and animals should be the first priority.
(ii) Awareness of water as a scarce resource should be fostered.
Q5. Name four sources of surface water.
Ans – These are rivers, lakes, ponds and tanks.
Q6. In which state Arvari Pani Sansad Programme have been initiated’ ?
Ans – Alwar, Rajasthan
Chapter 5 – Mineral and Energy Resources
Q1. Name two minerals used for generation of nuclear energy.
Q2. Name two sources of Non-conventional Energy.
Q3. What do you understand by Non-conventional sources of energy?
Q4. Write a note on Non-conventional Sources of Energy.
Q5. Name two mineral belts of India.
Q6. Which mineral is also known as “Brown Diamond” ?
Q7. Define Minerals.
Q8. Describe the distribution of Mineral Belts of India.
Q9. Describe the production and distribution of Coal in India. Most Important
Q10. Write the name of two groups of Coal Fields in India.
Q11. In which river valley of India Gondwana coal fields is situated?
Q12. Name two groups of coal fields in India.
Q13. Name two petroleum producing areas of Assam State.
Q14. Write a detailed note on the Petroleum Resources of India. Most Important
Q15. What is Nuclear Power ? Mention the important nuclear power stations in India. Most Important
Q16. In which State is Kalpakkam Nuclear Station located?
Ans – Tamil Nadu.
Q17. Write an essay on Hydro Power in India.
Q18. Where was the First Atomic Station set up in India?
Ans – Tarapur, Maharashtra
Q19. In which State is Jhabua district located?
Ans – Madhya Pradesh
Q20. Where is Mumbai High located?
Q21. Write any two advantages of Manganese.
Q22. In which State Bhilai Steel Plant is situated ?
Q23. Why are all Iron and Steel Plants of India located in peninsular plateau ? Explain.
Q24. Describe the production and distribution of Iron-ore in India. Most Important
Chapter 6 – Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Q1. Define the concept of Sustainable Development. Most Important
OR
What is the concept of sustainable development?
Q2. What are the positive impacts of Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area on irrigation? Most Important
Q3. Write the objectives of Drought Prone Area Development Programme. Most Important
Q4. In which State is Bharmaur Tribal Region situated ?
Q5. What is Sectoral planning?
Q6. Distinguish between Sectoral Planning and Regional Planning.
Q7. Who wrote the book “The Limit to Growth” ?
Ans – Meadows
Chapter 7 – Transport and Communication
Q1. What do you mean by Communication?
Q2. Discuss the contribution of ‘Air India’ and ‘Indian’ in Air Transport of India.
Q3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Pipeline Transportation.
Q4. Which are the chief means of transportation in India? Discuss the factors affecting their development.
Q5. Describe the oil and gas pipeline transportation in India.
Q6. Describe in detail the air transportation in India.
Q7. Explain the importance of Road Transportation.
Q8. What do you mean by Transportation ?
Q9. Describe the role of Roads in the Economic Development of India.
Chapter 8 – International Trade
Q1. Write a note on the changing nature of International Trade of India.
Q2. Mention the characteristic of India’s foreign trade. Most Important
Q3. Distinguish between Port and Harbour.
Q4. Name the two ports situated on the eastern coast of India.
Q5. Name the two ports situated on the Western Coast of India.
Chapter 9 – Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Q1. Explain in detail the water pollution. Most Important
Q2. Describe the nature of ‘Water Pollution’ in India.
Q3. Explain any three sources of air pollution.
Q4. Explain any three ill effects of air pollution with suitable example from India.
Q5. Distinguish between ‘air pollution’ and ‘air pollutants’.
Q6. Write the name of two sources of Air Pollution.
Q7. Describe the causes and effects of ‘Air Pollution’. Most Important
Q8. Discuss the causes, effects and solution of Noise Pollution. Most Most Important
Q9. Analyse any three major problems of slum dwellers in India.
Q10. What are the main problems of Slums areas ?
Q11. Describe the problems of Slums in India. Most Important
Q12. Write a note on ‘Land Degradation’. Most Important
Q13. Suggest measures for reduction of land degradation.
Q14. What do you mean by land degradation?
Q15. What are the main causes of land degradation ?
Q16. Mention major problems associated with urban waste disposal in India.
Q17. Define Environmental Pollution.
Q18. Mention the criteria used for indentifying pollution.
Q19. What problems discourage women to migrate from rural areas to urban areas ?
Q20. Which State of India has maximum migrants ? Most Important
Ans – Maharashtra
Q21. Explain the economic consequences of migration of population in India.